One of my fondest memories as a boy was fishing on the Chesapeake Bay with my Dad. We’d drive to Kent Island before sunrise, have a greasy breakfast at a local diner, and head out on a flat bottomed boat to catch the blue fish running. Even a three pounder could jerk the rod out of your hands and chew up steel leaders with barracuda teeth. My Dad wouldn’t let me pry their thrashing bodies off the hook—you could lose a finger. In three or four riotous hours, we’d fill a forty gallon trashcan up with fish. There was energy for a growing boy in those slabs of oily protein and although I got tired of fish, it beat the heck out of pan-fried liver.
Today, we’re fishing the sea for a different king of energy: electricity, power to the grid, channeled lightening. A gift of the moon and sun, wrapped in tides and waves, we’re slowly learning to untie the bow and claim the prize.
There’s extraordinary power in the tides—waters rise and fall, the life blood of bays and estuaries, whatever the weather, whatever the season, night and day. Constant and inexorable, the tides are not fickle like the wind, or on-again, off-again like the sun, gloriously present than gone.
It’s simple really, when waters rise, waters run, and running waters turn turbines. A turning turbine generates electricity, food for the engines of the modern age.
So how to go about it?
There are two ways: barrage systems and tidal stream systems.
Barrage system are not cannonade, massed rifle fire or rockets, but rather dams, sluices, ship locks, and caissons.
A barrage (a huge dam) is built across an estuary. Water flows through tunnels in the barrage. The barrage contains sluice gates that let water in with the coming of the tide, capturing it at high tide. As the tide ebbs, the water is held until the difference in height of the water is sufficient (creating a ‘hydrostatic head’). Then the sluice gates are opened and the out flowing water turns turbines generating electricity.
While it sounds simple, it’s not without challenges.
- Tidal power projects are very expensive to build. Massive dams must be built in difficult environments (salt water estuaries).
- Salt water is corrosive. Barrage systems are expensive to maintain.
- For a barrage to be economical, the tidal range (the difference between low and high tide) must be greater than 5 meters for the barrage to work efficiently.There are relatively few locations in the world where this is true. Also, a large bay is required behind the barrage to store water at high tide.
- The environmental effect of a barrage system on plants and animals in the estuary can be substantial.
The largest tidal power station in the world is in the Rance estuary in northern France. It was built in 1966. You can read more about it here.
You can read more about tidal power generally here.
Next time: wave power.
Tags: Alternative Energy · Technology